Turning Land into Capital

In Southeast Asia reversals of earlier agrarian reforms have rolled back "land-to-the-tiller" policies created in the wake of Cold War–era revolutions. This trend, marked by increased land concentration and the promotion of export-oriented agribusiness at the expense of smallholder farmers, exposes the convergence of capitalist relations and state agendas that expand territorial control within and across national borders. Turning Land into Capital examines the contradictions produced by superimposing twenty-first-century neoliberal projects onto diverse landscapes etched by decades of war and state socialism.

Chapters in the book explore geopolitics, legacies of colonialism, ideologies of development, and strategies to achieve land justice in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. The resulting picture reveals the place-specific interactions of state and market ideologies, regional geopolitics, and local elites in concentrating control over land.

Philip Hirsch is emeritus professor of human geography at the University of Sydney and coauthor of Powers of Exclusion: Land Dilemmas in Southeast Asia. Kevin Woods is a fellow at the East-West Center in Honolulu. Natalia Scurrah is an independent researcher based in Thailand and coauthor of The Mekong: A Sociolegal Approach to River Basin Development. Michael Dwyer is assistant professor of geography at Indiana University Bloomington and author of Upland Geopolitics: Postwar Laos and the Global Land Rush.

Foreword by K. Sivaramakrishnan

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction / Philip Hirsch, Kevin Woods, Natalia Scurrah, and Michael B. Dwyer

List of Abbreviations

PART I: Mekong Regional Themes

1. Land and Capital across Borders: A Regional Geopolitics / Natalia Scurrah and Philip Hirsch

2. Legacies in Land Governance: Colonialism, War, and Socialism / Kevin Woods, Michael B. Dwyer, and Jean-Christophe Diepart

3. Agrarian Modernization and Counter Land Reforms: Ideologies and Realities / Jean-Christophe Diepart and Christian Castellanet

4. Grounding Land Justice: Contested Principles, Processes, and Outcomes / Carl Middleton and Vanessa Lamb

PART II: Mekong Country Cases

5. Land Commodification, State Formation, and Agrarian Capitalism: The Political Economy of Land Governance in Cambodia / Jean-Christophe Diepart and Carl Middleton

6. "Thirty Thousand Hectares Will Not Be a Proble": The Politics of Large-Scale Land Development in Laos / Michael B. Dwyer

7. Legacies of Race, Ethnicity, and War: Contemporary Land Governance Reform in Myanmar / Kevin Woods

8. Movement, Countermovement, and Regionalization of Capital: The Dynamics of Land Relations in Thailand / Philip Hirsch

9. Land from the Tiller: The Politics of "Land Recovery" in Vietnam / Nga Dao and Marie Mellac

Conclusion: A Regional Approach to Land Capitalization / Philip Hirsch, Kevin Woods, Natalia Scurrah, and Michael B. Dwyer

References

Contributors

Index