Toward a Global PhD?

Universities and nations have long recognized the direct contribution of graduate education to the welfare of the economy by meeting a range of research and employment needs. With the burgeoning of a global economy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the economic outcome of doctoral education reaches far beyond national borders. Many doctoral programs in the United States and throughout the world are looking for opportunities to equip students to work in transnational settings, with scientists and researchers located across the globe. Nations competing within this global economy often have different and not always compatible motives for supporting graduate training. In this volume, graduate education experts explore some of the tensions and potential for cooperation between nations in the realm of doctoral education.

The contributors assess graduate education in different systems around the world, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, the Nordic countries, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Many factors motivate the need for a global understanding of doctoral education, including the internationalization of the labor market and global competition, the expansion of opportunities for doctoral education in smaller and developing nations, and a declining interest among international students in pursuing their graduate education in the United States.

Maresi Nerad is director of the Center for Innovation and Research in Graduate Education (CIRGE) and associate dean of research in the Graduate School, University of Washington. Mimi Heggelund is the international coordinator of CIRGE.

Acknowledgments
Introduction / Maresi Nerad, Thomas Trzyna, and Mimi Heggelund

Part One | Doctoral Education in Europe
1. Germany / Barbara M. Kehm
2. United Kingdom / Howard Green
3. Nordic Countries / Hans Kristjan Gudmundsson
4. The European University Institute / Andreas C. Frijdal
5. The Bologna Process / Jeroen Bartelse and Jeroen Huisman

Part Two | Doctoral Education in Africa, South America, and Mexico
6. South Africa / Ahmed Bawa
7. Brazil / Renato Janine Ribeiro
8. Mexico / Armando Alcantara, Salvador Malo, and Mauricio Fortes

Part Three | Doctoral Education in Australasia
9. Australia / Terry Evans, Barbara Evans, and Helen Marsh
10. Japan / Shinichi Yamamoto
11. India / Narayana Jayaram
IV. Doctoral Education in North America
12. Canada / Garth Williams, with the collaboration of Martha Crago, Jonathan C. Driver, Louis Maheu, and Marc Renaud
13. United States of America / Maresi Nerad

Conclusion / Maresi Nerad and Thomas Trzyna

Appendix A: Past Differences, Current Commonalities, and Future Trends in Doctoral Education in Selected Countries
Appendix B: Seattle Declaration, September 2005
Contributors
Index